The Ultimate Fighter: Brazil is an installment of the Ultimate Fighting Championship-produced reality television series The Ultimate Fighter. This season marked the first time the show was filmed, in its entirety, outside of Las Vegas, Nevada, and consisted of 12 episodes and a live finale in Brazil. The season tournament finale appeared on pay-per-view in June 2012. It started filming in February 2012 and was in Portuguese. The season was produced by Floresta, a Brazilian production company, and aired in Brazil on Globo. Each episode was broadcast over the Internet at TUF.tv each Sunday night and later aired on Fuel TV in a marathon leading up to the finale.

On December 13, 2011, during the pre-UFC 142 press conference, Dana White announced that the coaches for the season would be Vitor Belfort and Wanderlei Silva. Belfort still faced and defeated Anthony Johnson at UFC 142. This was a departure from past seasons where following the coaches announcement the coaches did not compete against other fighters until facing each other after the conclusion of that season of The Ultimate Fighter.

The UFC held open tryouts on December 14, 2011. The casting call was for Lightweight and Middleweight fighters who are at least 21 years old and have a minimum of two wins in three professional fights. Of those who applied for the tryouts the UFC invited 350 fighters to participate. The fighters in the season were from the Featherweight and Middleweight weight classes.